Excel sheet protection is one of the most misunderstood features in Microsoft Excel. When used correctly, it prevents accidental data changes and maintains spreadsheet integrity. When misused, it creates frustration and workflow bottlenecks.

This guide explains everything you need to know about Excel sheet protection: what it does, how to configure it properly, and how to remove it when you've forgotten the password.

What it blocks vs allows

Blocks: edits to locked cells, formatting changes, insert/delete actions, sorting, etc.
Allows: reading, formula calculation, edits in allowed ranges, comments if configured.

How to enable correctly

Prepare layout: unlock cells that should remain editable (Format Cells → Protection → Unlocked).
Review → Protect Sheet → Choose allowed actions (select cells, sort, etc.).
Set a password if needed and document editable ranges.
Validate with a test user.

Best practices

Minimum necessary restrictions to avoid friction.
Use “Allow Users to Edit Ranges” for exceptions.
Don’t confuse with encryption: it doesn’t protect confidentiality; use password to open for that.

How to remove

Review → Unprotect Sheet. If the password is forgotten, use the automatic tool or the manual method.

Final checks

Review hidden sheets, cells with “hidden” format, and workbook protection if also applied.
Inspect document metadata before sharing.